Which Way Should Solar Panels Face in Illinois? East and West Roofs Make About 80% of South, North About 55%
South is the best direction for solar panels in Illinois, but it isn't the only good one. In the federal PVWatts model, a kilowatt of panels facing southeast or southwest makes about 94–95% of what it makes facing due south. East or west makes about 80%. North makes about 55% at a typical 30-degree pitch, and about 68% on a low roof. Those ratios barely move between Chicago and Belleville.
"My roof faces the wrong way" is one of the most common worries I hear on a first call. Most of the time the roof is fine. Sometimes it isn't, and I'd rather tell you that before you sign than after. Here's the math I use, run fresh for three Illinois towns.
The key numbers
| What | Figure | Source / date |
|---|---|---|
| South-facing roof, 30° pitch | 1,342 (Chicago) / 1,394 (Springfield) / 1,430 (Belleville) kWh per kW per year | PVWatts v8, run Oct. 29, 2026 |
| Southeast or southwest | About 94–95% of south | Same |
| East or west | About 80% of south | Same |
| North, 30° pitch / 18° pitch | About 55% / about 68% of south | Same |
| December output per kW, Chicago | South 66 · West 36 · East 33 · North 10 kWh | Same |
| How Illinois Shines counts your RECs | PVWatts v8 using your array's actual tilt and azimuth, 14% losses, 0.5%/yr degradation | Illinois Shines 2026-27 Program Guidebook (Apr. 17, 2026), Section 4 J |
| Arrays that may get extra Shines review | Azimuth greater than 270° or less than 90° (aimed north of due west or due east) | Same, Section 4 J item 5 |
| ComEd's priciest Time-of-Day window | Mid-Day Peak, 1–7 p.m.: 14.700¢ supply + 11.852¢ delivery per kWh | Oct. 2026–May 2027 supply (ComEd Info Sheet 70, revised Aug. 21, 2026); delivery from April 2026 bills |
| Standard supply prices | ComEd 10.103¢; Ameren 10.441¢ first 800 kWh | Oct. 1, 2026–May 31, 2027 |
What each roof direction makes in Illinois
I ran PVWatts, the free production model from the national lab formerly known as NREL, for Chicago, Springfield and Belleville. Same setup every time: 1 kW of panels, flush roof mount, standard 14% system losses. Only the direction and the pitch changed.
| Roof faces | Chicago | Springfield | Belleville | Share of south |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| South, 30° | 1,342 | 1,394 | 1,430 | 100% |
| South, 18° (low pitch) | 1,298 | 1,346 | 1,386 | about 97% |
| Southwest, 30° | 1,270 | 1,311 | 1,351 | about 94–95% |
| Southeast, 30° | 1,260 | 1,319 | 1,350 | about 94–95% |
| West, 30° | 1,080 | 1,114 | 1,155 | about 80–81% |
| East, 30° | 1,067 | 1,124 | 1,154 | about 80–81% |
| North, 18° (low pitch) | 910 | 945 | 984 | about 68–69% |
| North, 30° | 744 | 774 | 805 | about 55–56% |
kWh per kW of panels per year, PVWatts v8 estimates. A 30° pitch is about a 7/12 roof; 18° is about 4/12.
Two things jump out. First, the drop from south to southwest is small, about 5 to 6%. If your roof is turned 30 or 40 degrees off south, stop worrying about it. Second, location matters less than direction. Belleville's south roof beats Chicago's by about 7%. A Chicago roof facing west loses about 20%.
East or west: usually about four extra panels
The average Illinois home uses about 693 kWh a month, or roughly 8,316 a year. In Chicago, covering that with a south roof takes about 6.2 kW, or 15 to 16 panels at 400 watts. Facing west, it takes about 7.7 kW, roughly 19 panels. Facing east, about 7.8 kW, closer to 20.
That's the real cost of an east or west roof: more panels for the same output, which means a higher price if you're buying. It doesn't make the roof a bad candidate. Every kilowatt-hour those panels make still offsets power you'd otherwise buy from ComEd or Ameren.
Winter is where east and west hurt most. In December, a kilowatt facing south in Chicago makes about 66 kWh. Facing west it's about 36, facing east about 33. Spring and summer carry these roofs. In June, the gap almost closes: 140 kWh south, 136 west, 133 east. If you want the full seasonal picture, I charted it in how Illinois solar production drops in fall and winter.
Lots of Illinois houses have a gable running north to south, which gives you one east face and one west face. Splitting panels across both works fine. In Chicago the pair averages about 1,073 kWh per kW, and the two faces spread production across the day.
West wins the afternoon. Does it win the year?
This is the question I find most interesting, because the answer depends on your rate.
West-facing panels make more of their power late in the day. Correcting PVWatts' hours to the clock you actually live on, about 62% of a west array's yearly output in Chicago lands between 1 p.m. and 7 p.m. For a south array it's about 44%, and for southwest about 55%. East is about 27%.
That window is ComEd's Time-of-Day Mid-Day Peak, the priciest hours on the rate. So I priced every hour of PVWatts output for one Chicago kilowatt, assuming the house uses each kilowatt-hour as it's made:
| Roof faces | ComEd standard rate | ComEd Time-of-Day |
|---|---|---|
| South | about $222 a year | about $228 |
| Southwest | about $210 | about $242 |
| West | about $179 | about $221 |
| Southeast | about $209 | about $189 |
| East | about $177 | about $148 |
Per kW of panels, Chicago, PVWatts hourly output. Standard rate: 10.399¢ (June–Sept. 2026) / 10.103¢ (Oct. 2026–May 2027) Price to Compare plus 6.333¢ delivery. Time-of-Day: ComEd's published supply and delivery prices for each window (supply per Informational Sheet No. 70 as revised Aug. 21, 2026). The Time-of-Day column doesn't add ComEd's separate 1.69¢ transmission charge (as of October 2026), which is built into the Price to Compare; if it applies, it would lift every Time-of-Day figure by roughly $18–23 without changing the order. Estimates only.
On the standard rate, south wins and west trails by about 20%, same as the kilowatt-hours. On Time-of-Day, southwest pulls ahead of south, west nearly catches up, and east falls to about two-thirds of south.
My honest caveat: these are ceilings. Real homes don't use all their midday power. Since January 1, 2025, new Illinois solar customers get export credits against the supply section of the bill only, which I walked through in what changed with Illinois net metering. How those credits are valued on a time-based rate is something to confirm with ComEd before you switch. Ameren customers on the standard supply price pay the same per kWh at any hour, so for them it's a pure kilowatt-hour contest and south wins. Ameren's hourly program is a different story; see whether Ameren Power Smart Pricing is worth it.
My take: if you've got a southwest roof in ComEd territory, you may have the best roof on the block, not the second-best.
North-facing roofs: the hard look
A north roof at a normal pitch makes about 55% of what a south roof makes. In December it's close to useless: about 10 kWh per kilowatt in Chicago for the entire month.
Pitch changes the picture some. On a low 18-degree roof, north climbs to about 68% of south, because the panels are closer to flat and see more of the summer sky. That's still a lot of panels for not much power. The average Chicago home would need about 9 kW on a low north roof and more than 11 kW on a steeper one, against about 6.2 kW facing south.
Illinois Shines also flags these. The 2026-27 Guidebook says arrays with an azimuth greater than 270 degrees or less than 90 degrees, meaning anything aimed north of due west or due east, "may be subject to further review" so the administrator can understand the design. That isn't a ban. It's more paperwork and possible delay.
If north is your only open roof, I'd look at two other options first: a ground mount in the yard, or a south-facing garage or pole-barn roof. Those usually beat a north face by a wide margin.
Pitch matters less than you'd think
On a south roof, dropping from 30 degrees to 18 degrees costs only about 3% a year. Low-pitch roofs actually make a little more in June and noticeably less in December. Steep or shallow, a south roof is a good roof.
Pitch only becomes a big deal facing north, where flatter is better, and on very steep faces, which most Illinois homes don't have.
Your REC count follows the compass
If you buy your system, the Illinois Shines REC payment depends on direction too. The Guidebook says the application portal calculates your expected production with PVWatts Version 8, using the tilt and azimuth the Approved Vendor enters, 14% system losses and 0.5% annual degradation. One REC is 1,000 kWh.
The effect is simple. Our SREC guide estimates about 136 RECs over 15 years for an 8 kW ComEd-area system on a decent roof. If that roof faces south, put the same system on a west roof and it lands near 109, about 27 fewer. At $80.77 plus this program year's $20 customer-owned adder, that's roughly $2,700 less in gross REC value. Most of that reaches you through the Approved Vendor, so the net is lower.
The Guidebook also locks the Part I estimate as a ceiling: if the as-built system would score higher, the Part I number still stands, and if it scores lower, the lower number is used. Get the roof faces right on the application.
What I check on an east, west or north roof
Before I'd tell anyone their roof works, I look at five things:
- The production estimate for each roof face separately. One blended number for the whole system hides a weak face.
- Shade on that face. A clear west roof beats a shaded south roof. The state's yardstick is in our shaded-roof guide.
- How big each face is. A small south face plus a big west face often beats cramming everything onto one plane.
- Your rate. On ComEd Time-of-Day, west and southwest look better than the kilowatt-hours suggest.
- Lease or buy. On a lease, the company that owns the system designs it, so the production estimate for your roof shapes the offer, and it's worth asking to see it. If you're buying, more panels on an east or west roof means a higher price, and fewer RECs. I compare both paths in solar lease vs buy in Illinois.
If you want a quick read on your own roof, try our free roof check or the solar visualizer, then run the numbers in the savings calculator. Or just call me at (618) 217-2001. Send me your address and I'll tell you which faces of your roof I'd actually use, and which ones I'd leave alone.
All production and dollar figures are estimates from PVWatts and current published rates. Your roof, shade, equipment and usage will change them.
Sources
- PVWatts Calculator v8 and PVWatts v8 API — National Laboratory of the Rockies (U.S. DOE). 1 kW DC, fixed roof mount, 14% losses; azimuths 0°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270° at 30° tilt plus 0° and 180° at 18° tilt; Chicago, Springfield, Belleville; hourly output; run Oct. 29, 2026 (NSRDB PSM V3 TMY weather data). Hour windows shifted one hour for daylight saving time, March 8–Nov. 1, 2026.
- Illinois Shines 2026-27 Program Guidebook — Illinois Power Agency, Apr. 17, 2026 (Section 4 J: PVWatts v8 REC quantity calculation, tilt and azimuth as entered, 14% losses, 0.5% degradation; item 5, azimuth over 270° or under 90° "may be subject to further review"; item 7, Part I capacity factor is the maximum)
- ComEd Time-of-Day Pricing — ComEd (windows: Morning 6 a.m.–1 p.m., Mid-Day Peak 1–7 p.m., Evening 7–9 p.m., Overnight 9 p.m.–6 a.m.)
- ComEd Rate BEST Supply Charges, Informational Sheet No. 70 — ComEd, 2nd Revised, effective Aug. 21, 2026 (Time-of-Day supply prices, June 2026–May 2027)
- A Guide to the Retail Customer's Billed Delivery Service Charges — ComEd (Time-of-Day delivery prices and 6.333¢/kWh standard delivery, bills from April 2026)
- Price to Compare, ComEd and Price to Compare, Ameren Illinois — Plug In Illinois / Illinois Commerce Commission (Oct. 2026–May 2027 prices and transmission charges; June–Sept. 2026 ComEd price as posted through Sept. 2026)
- ComEd Net Metering Frequently Asked Questions — ComEd, 2026 edition (supply-section credits for customers interconnected Jan. 1, 2025 or later)
- Ameren Illinois Net Metering — Ameren Illinois, accessed Oct. 29, 2026
- Table 5.A, Average Monthly Bill, Residential, 2024 — U.S. Energy Information Administration (Illinois: 693 kWh per month)



